obesity as an important risk factor for certain types of cancer

نویسندگان

sayed hossain davoodi dept. of clinical nutrition and dietetics, national nutrition and food technology research institute, faculty of nutrition sciences, food science and technology, shahid beheshti university of medical sciences,tehran, iran

talieh malek-shahabi dept. of molecular genetics, shahid beheshti university, tehran, iran

ali malekshahi-moghadam faculty of veterinary medicine, tehran university , tehran, iran

roghieh shahbazi dept. of clinical nutrition and dietetics, national nutrition and food technology research institute, faculty of nutrition sciences, food science and technology, shahid beheshti university of medical sciences,tehran, iran

چکیده

cancer is uncontrolled and unrestricted growth of malignant cells in the body. it is a multifactorial disease which either heredity or environmental factors (such as nutrition, physical inactivity, alcohol, obesity, exposure to sun, environmental pollutants, infections) contribute to the incidence of cancer. in recent years, several lines of research have focused on obesity as a potent risk factor of cancer. scientific evidence suggests obesity is associated with increased risk for a number of different types of cancer. the evidence is most consistent for endometrial cancer, breast cancer in postmenopausal women, and renal cell cancer. more contradictory results have been reported for colorectal, prostate, and pancreatic cancer. in despite of numerous studies in regard to the link between obesity and cancer, the molecular mechanisms in which obesity increase the risk of cancer have been poorly understood. in this article, the association between obesity and cancer risk and its underlying mechanisms are reviewed.

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منابع مشابه

Obesity as an Important Risk Factor for Certain Types of Cancer

Cancer could be described as the uncontrolled and unrestricted growth of malignant cells in any place of the body. It is a multifactorial disease which either heredity or environmental factors (such as nutrition, physical inactivity, alcohol, obesity, exposure to sun, environmental pollutants, infections) chip in incidence of cancer. In recent years, several researchers have focused on obesity ...

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Obesity as a Major Risk Factor for Cancer

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Risk Factor Information for Selected Cancer Types

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Risk Factor Information for Selected Cancer Types

The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 32,180 people in the U.S. (16,100 men and 16,080 women) will develop pancreatic cancer in 2005. This disease accounts for approximately 2% of all new cases of cancer in both men and women, but between 5% and 6% of all cancer deaths (ACS, 2005). This discrepancy has been attributed to detection of pancreatic cancer at an advanced stage and...

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عنوان ژورنال:
iranian journal of cancer prevention

جلد ۶، شماره ۴، صفحات ۰-۰

کلمات کلیدی
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t o r i n h i b i t o r g e n e e x p r e s s i o n i n v i v o . t i s s u e s p e c i f i c i t y a n d i n d u c t i o n b y l i p o p o l y s a c c h a r i d e ' , ' t u m o r n e c r o s i s f a c t o r ' , ' a l p h a ' , ' a n d t r a n s f o r m i n g g r o w t h f a c t o r ' , ' b e t a . j c l i n i n v e s t . 1 9 9 1 ' , ' 8 8 ( 4 ) ' , 1 3 4 6 , ' 5 3 . f o e k e n s j a ' , ' s c h m i t t m ' , ' p u t t e n w l v ' , ' p e t e r s h a ' , ' k r a m e r m d ' , ' j a n i c k e f ' , ' e t a l . p l a s m i n o g e n a c t i v a t o r i n h i b i t o r 1 a n d p r o g n o s i s i n p r i m a r y b r e a s t c a n c e r . j c l i n o n c o l . 1 9 9 4 ' , ' 1 2 ( 8 ) ' , 1 6 4 8 , ' 5 8 . m u t o h m ' , ' n i h o n ' , ' k o m i y a m ' , ' t a k a h a s h i m ' , ' o h t s u b o r ' , ' n a k a t o g a w a k ' , ' e t a l . p l a s m i n o g e n a c t i v a t o r i n h i b i t o r 1 ( p a i 1 ) b l o c k e r s s u p p r e s s i n t e s t i n a l p o l y p f o r m a t i 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a r c i n o m a . b m c c a n c e r . 2 0 0 6 ' , 6 , ' 3 8 . h o w a r d j m ' , ' p i d g e o n g p ' , ' r e y n o l d s j v . l e p t i n a n d g a s t r o ' , ' i n t e s t i n a l m a l i g n a n c i e s . o b e s r e v . 2 0 1 0 ' , ' 1 1 ( 1 2 ) ' , 8 6 3 , ' 7 4 . m a f f e i m ' , ' h a l a a s j ' , ' r a v u s s i n e ' , ' p r a t l e y r e ' , ' l e e g h ' , ' z h a n g y ' , ' e t a l . l e p t i n l e v e l s i n h u m a n a n d r o d e n t ' , ' m e a s u r e m e n t o f p l a s m a l e p t i n a n d o b r n a i n o b e s e a n d w e i g h t ' , ' r e d u c e d s u b j e c t s . n a t m e d . 1 9 9 5 ' , ' 1 ( 1 1 ) ' , 1 1 5 5 , ' 6 1 . l a g i o u p ' , ' s i g n o r e l l o l b ' , ' t r i c h o p o u l o s d ' , ' t a o n o u a ' , ' m a n t z o r o s c s . l e p t i n i n r e l a t i o n t o p r o s t a t e c a n c e r a n d b e n i g n p r o s t a t i c h y p e r p l a s i a . i n t j c a n c e r . 1 9 9 8 ' , ' 7 6 ( 1 ) ' , 2 5 , ' 8 . s t a t t i n p ' , ' s o d e r b e r g s ' , ' h a l l m a n s g ' , ' b y l u n d a ' , ' k a a k s r ' , ' s t e n m a n u ' , ' e t a l . l e p t i n i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h i n c r e a s e d p r o s t a t e c a n c e r r i s k ' , ' a n e s t e d c a s e ' , ' r e f e r e n t s t u d y . j c l i n e n d o c r i n o l m e t a b . 2 0 0 1 ' , ' 8 6 ( 3 ) ' , 1 3 4 1 , ' 5 . m a n t z o r o s c s ' , ' b o l h k e k ' , ' m o s c h o s s ' , ' c r a m e r d w . l e p t i n i n r e l a t i o n t o c a r c i n o m a i n s i t u o f t h e b r e a s t ' , ' a s t u d y o f p r e ' , ' m e n o p a u s a l c a s e s a n d c o n t r o l s . i n t j c a n c e r . 1 9 9 9 ' , ' 8 0 ( 4 ) ' , 5 2 3 , ' 6 . t a m a k o s h i k ' , ' t o y o s h i m a h ' , ' w a k a i k ' , ' k o j i m a m ' , ' s u z u k i k ' , ' w a t a n a b e y ' , ' e t a l . l e p t i n i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a n i n c r e a s e d f e m a l e c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r r i s k ' , ' a n e s t e d c a s e ' , ' c o n t r o l s t u d y i n j a p a n . o n c o l . 2 0 0 5 ' , ' 6 8 ( 4 ' , ' 6 ) ' , 4 5 4 , ' 6 1 . h a r d w i c k j c ' , ' v a n d e n b r i n k g r ' , ' o f f e r h a u s g j ' , ' v a n d e v e n t e r s j ' , ' p e p p e l e n b o s c h m p . l e p t i n i s a g r o w t h f a c t o r f o r c o l o n i c e p i t h e l i a l c e l l s . g a s t r o e n t e r o l . 2 0 0 1 ' , ' 1 2 1 ( 1 ) ' , 7 9 , ' 9 0 . d i e u d o n n e m n ' , ' m a c h i n a l ' , ' q u e l i n f ' , ' s e a z i n ' , ' l e r o y v ' , ' l e n e v e u m c ' , ' p e c q u e r y r ' , ' g i u d i c e l l i y . l e p t i n m e d i a t e s a p r o l i f e r a t i v e r e s p o n s e i n h u m a n m c f 7 b r e a s t c a n c e r c e l l s . b i o c h e m b i o p h y s r e s c o m m o n . 2 0 0 2 ' , ' 2 9 3 ( 1 ) ' , 6 2 2 , ' 8 . x a 0 o n u m a m ' , ' b u b j d ' , ' r u m m e l t l ' , ' i w a m o t o y . p r o s t a t e c a n c e r c e l l ' , ' a d i p o c y t e i n t e r a c t i o n ' , ' l e p t i n m e d i a t e s a n d r o g e n ' , ' i n d e p e n d e n t p r o s t a t e c a n c e r c e l l p r o l i f e r a t i o n t h r o u g h c ' , ' j u n n h 2 t e r m i n a l k i n a s e . j b i o l c h e m . 2 0 0 3 ( 4 3 ) ' , 2 7 8 , 4 2 6 6 0 , ' 7 . c h o i j h ' , ' p a r k s h ' , ' l e u n g p c ' , ' c h o i k c . e x p r e s s i o n o f l e p t i n r e c e p t o r s a n d p o t e n t i a l e f f e c t s o f l e p t i n o n t h e c e l l g r o w t h a n d a c t i v a t i o n o f m i t o g e n ' , ' a c t i v a t e d p r o t e i n k i n a s e s i n o v a r i a n c a n c e r c e l l s . j c l i n e n d o c r i n o l m e t a b . 2 0 0 5 ' , ' 9 0 ( 1 ) ' , 2 0 7 , ' 1 0 . h u e ' , ' l i a n g p ' , ' s p i e g e l m a n b m . a d i p o q i s a n o v e l a d i p o s e ' , ' s p e c i f i c g e n e d e r e g u l a t e d i n o b e s i t y . j b i o l c h e m . 1 9 9 6 ' , ' 2 7 1 ( 1 8 ) ' , 1 0 6 9 7 , ' 7 0 3 . t w o r o g e r s s ' , ' h e a t e r e l i a s s e n a ' , ' k e l e s i d i s t ' , ' c o l d i t z g a ' , ' w i l l e t w c ' , ' m a n t z o r o s c s ' , ' e t a l . p l a s m a a d i p o n e c t i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a n d r i s k o f i n c i d e n t b r e a s t c a n c e r . j c l i n e n d o c r i n o l m e t a b . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 9 2 ( 4 ) ' , 1 5 1 0 , ' 6 . c u s t a e ' , ' k a a k s r ' , ' f r i e d e n r e i c h c ' , ' b o n n e t f ' , ' l a v i l l e m ' , ' l u k a n o v a a ' , ' e t a l . p l a s m a a d i p o n e c t i n l e v e l s a n d e n d o m e t r i a l c a n c e r r i s k i n p r e ' , ' a n d p o s t m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n . j c l i n e n d o c r i n o l m e t a b . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 9 2 ( 1 ) ' , 2 5 5 , ' 6 3 . s o l i m a n p t ' , ' c u i x ' , ' z h a n g q ' , ' h a n k i n s o n s e ' , ' l u k h . c i r c u l a t i n g a d i p o n e c t i n l e v e l s a n d r i s k o f e n d o m e t r i a l c a n c e r ' , ' t h e p r o s p e c t i v e n u r s e s h e a l t h s t u d y . a m j o b s t e t g y n e c o l . 2 0 1 1 ' , ' 2 0 4 ( 2 ) ' , ' 1 6 7 e 1 ' , ' e 5 . k a k l a m a n i v g ' , ' w i s i n s k i k b ' , ' s a d i m m ' , ' g u l d e n c ' , ' d o a ' , ' o f f i t k ' , ' e t a l . v a r i a n t s o f t h e a d i p o n e c t i n ( a d i p o q ) a n d a d i p o n e c t i n r e c e p t o r 1 ( a d i p o r 1 ) g e n e s a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r r i s k . j a m a . 2 0 0 8 ' , ' 3 0 0 ( 1 ) ' , 1 5 2 3 , ' 3 1 . h i l l h a ' , ' a u s t i n h . n u t r i t i o n a n d e n d o m e t r i a l c a n c e r . c a n c e r c a u s e c o n t r o l . 1 9 9 6 ' , ' 7 ( 1 ) ' , 1 9 , ' 3 2 . t o r n b e r g s a ' , ' c a r s t e n s e n j m . r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n q u e t e l e t s i n d e x a n d c a n c e r o f b r e a s t a n d f e m a l e g e n i t a l t r a c t i n 4 7 ' , ' 0 0 0 w o m e n f o l l o w e d f o r 2 5 y e a r s . b r j c a n c e r . 1 9 9 4 ' , ' 6 9 ( 2 ) ' , 3 5 8 , ' 6 1 . s e n z ' , ' c h a v e z t l ' , ' v i l a r ' , ' c o m p t e d ' , ' d e n i c o l a ' , ' d e l f i n l ' , ' m e n e s e s ' , ' g a r s i a a . o v e r w e i g h t ' , ' o b e s i t y ' , ' d i a b e t e s ' , ' a n d h y p e r t e n s i o n i n x a 0 e n d o m e t r i a l c a n c e r . r e v m e d i n s t m e x s e g u r o s o c . x a 0 2 0 1 3 ' , ' 5 1 ( 3 ) ' , 3 2 6 , ' 9 . o r t i z ' , ' m e n d o z a c m ' , ' v e l a s c o ' , ' n a v a r r o c . o b e s i t y ' , ' a m a i n r i s k f a c t o r f o r x a 0 e n d o m e t r i a l c a n c e r . r e v m e d i n s t m e x s e g u r o s o c . x a 0 2 0 1 3 ' , ' 5 1 ( 3 ) ' , 2 6 0 , ' 3 . x a 0 k e y t j . h o r m o n e s a n d c a n c e r i n h u m a n s . m u t a t r e s . 1 9 9 5 ' , ' 3 3 3 ( 1 ' , ' 2 ) ' , 5 9 , ' 6 7 . f o l s o m a r ' , ' k a y e s a ' , ' p o t t e r j d ' , ' p r i n e a s r j . a s s o c i a t i o n o f i n c i d e n t c a r c i n o m a o f t h e e n d o m e t r i u m w i t h b o d y w e i g h t a n d f a t d i s t r i b u t i o n i n o l d e r w o m e n . e a r l y f i n d i n g s o f t h e i o w a w o m e n & ' , ' # 0 3 9 ' , ' s h e a l t h s t u d y . c a n c e r r e s . 1 9 8 9 ' , ' 4 9 ( 2 3 ) ' , 6 8 2 8 , ' 3 1 . m a c d o n a l d p c ' , ' s i i t e r i p k . t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p b e t w e e n t h e e x t r a g l a n d u l a r p r o d u c t i o n o f e s t r o n e a n d t h e o c c u r r e n c e o f e n d o m e t r i a l n e o p l a s i a . g y n e c o l o n c o l . 1 9 7 4 ' , ' 2 ( 2 ' , ' 3 ) ' , 2 5 9 , ' 6 3 . x a 0 m a c i n n i s r j ' , ' e n g l i s h d r . b o d y s i z e a n d c o m p o s i t i o n a n d p r o s t a t e c a n c e r r i s k ' , ' s y s t e m a t i c r e v i e w a n d m e t a ' , ' r e g r e s s i o n a n a l y s i s . c a n c e r c a u s e c o n t r o l . 2 0 0 6 ' , ' 1 7 ( 8 ) ' , 9 8 9 , ' 1 0 0 3 . x a 0 a n d e r s s o n s o ' , ' w o l k a ' , ' b e r g e l s t r ö m r ' , ' a d a m i h o ' , ' e n g h o l m g ' , ' e n g l u n d a ' , ' n y r é n o . b o d y s i z e a n d p r o s t a t e c a n c e r ' , ' a 2 0 ' , ' y e a r f o l l o w ' , ' u p s t u d y a m o n g 1 3 5 ' , ' 0 0 6 s w e d i s h c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s . j n a t c a n c e r i n s t . 1 9 9 7 ' , ' 8 9 ( 5 ) ' , 3 8 5 , ' 9 . x a 0 s e v e r s o n r k ' , ' g r o v e j s ' , ' n o m u r a a m y ' , ' s t e m m e r m a n g n . b o d y m a s s a n d p r o s t a t i c c a n c e r ' , ' a p r o s p e c t i v e s t u d y . b r m e d j . 1 9 8 8 ' , ' 2 9 7 ( 6 6 5 0 ) ' , 7 1 3 , ' 5 . x a 0 d a n i e l l h w . a b e t t e r p r o g n o s i s f o r o b e s e m e n w i t h p r o s t a t e c a n c e r . j u r o l . 1 9 9 6 ' , ' 1 5 5 ( 1 ) ' , 2 2 0 , ' 5 . x a 0 l a r s s o n s c ' , ' o r s i n i n ' , ' w o l k a . b o d y m a s s i n d e x a n d p a n c r e a t i c c a n c e r r i s k ' , ' a m e t a ' , ' a n a l y s i s o f p r o s p e c t i v e s t u d i e s . i n t j c a n c e r . 2 0 0 7 ' , ' 1 2 0 ( 9 ) ' , 1 9 9 3 , ' 8 . x a 0 l i d ' , ' m o r r i s j s ' , ' l i u j ' , ' h a s s a n m m ' , ' d a y r s ' , ' b o n d y m l ' , ' e t a l . b o d y m a s s i n d e x a n d r i s k ' , ' a g e o f o n s e t ' , ' a n d s u r v i v a l i n p a t i e n t s w i t h p a n c r e a t i c c a n c e r . a m a . 2 0 0 9 ' , ' 3 0 1 ( 2 4 ) ' , 2 5 5 3 , ' 6 2 . b r a c c i p m . o b e s i t y x a 0 a n d p a n c r e a t i c x a 0 c a n c e r ' , ' o v e r v i e w o f e p i d e m i o l o g i c e v i d e n c e a n d b i o l o g i c m e c h a n i s m s . m o l c a r c i n o g . 2 0 1 2 ' , ' 5 1 ( 1 ) ' , 5 3 , ' 6 3 . w a n g j ' , ' z h a n g w ' , ' s u n l ' , ' y u h ' , ' n i q x ' , ' r i s c h h a ' , ' e t a l . d i e t a r y e n e r g y d e n s i t y i s p o s i t i v e l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r i s k o f x a 0 p a n c r e a t i c c a n c e r i n u r b a n s h a n s h a i c h i n e s e . j n u t r . 2 0 1 3 ' , ' 1 4 3 . z i e g l e r r g ' , ' h o o v e r r n ' , ' n o m u r a a m y ' , ' w e s t d w ' , ' w u a h ' , ' f i k e m c ' , ' e t a l . r e l a t i v e w e i g h t ' , ' w e i g h t c h a n g e ' , ' h e i g h t ' , ' a n d b r e a s t c a n c e r r i s k i n a s i a n ' , ' a m e r i c a n w o m e n . j n a t c a n c e r i n s t . 1 9 9 6 ' , ' 8 8 ( 1 0 ) ' , 6 5 0 , ' 6 0 . p a t h a k d r ' , ' w h i t t e m o r e a s . c o m b i n e d e f f e c t s o f b o d y s i z e ' , ' p a r i t y ' , ' a n d m e n s t r u a l e v e n t s o n b r e a s t c a n c e r i n ' , ' c i d e n c e i n s e v e n c o u n t r i e s . a m j e p i d e m i o l . 1 9 9 2 ' , ' 1 3 5 ( 2 ) ' , 1 5 3 , ' 6 8 . b a l l a r d ' , ' b a r b a s h r . a n t h r o p o m e t r y a n d b r e a s t c a n c e r . b o d y s i z e ' , ' a m o v i n g t a r g e t . c a n c e r . 1 9 9 4 ' , ' 7 4 ( 3 s u p p l ) ' , 1 0 9 0 , ' 1 0 0 . s c h a p i r a d v ' , ' c l a r k r a ' , ' w o l f f p a ' , ' j a r r e t t a r ' , ' k u m a r n b ' , ' a z i z n m . v i s c e r a l o b e s i t y a n d b r e a s t c a n c e r r i s k . c a n c e r . 1 9 9 4 ' , ' 7 4 ( 2 ) ' , 6 3 2 , ' 9 . z h a n g s ' , ' f o l s o m a r ' , ' s e l l e r s t a ' , ' k u s h i l ' , ' a n d p o t t e r j d . b e t t e r b r e a s t c a n c e r s u r v i v a l f o r p o s t m e n o p a u s a l w o m e n w h o a r e l e s s o v e r w e i g h t a n d e a t l e s s f a t . t h e i o w a w o m e n s h e a l t h s t u d y . c a n c e r . 1 9 9 5 ' , ' 7 6 ( 2 ) ' , 2 7 5 , ' 8 3 . s i i t e r i p k . a d i p o s e t i s s u e a s a s o u r c e o f h o r m o n e s . a m j c l i n n u t r . 1 9 8 7 ' , ' 4 5 ( 1 s u p p l ) ' , 2 7 7 , ' 8 2 . r u s s o j ' , ' r i v e r a b ' , ' r u s s o i h . i n f l u e n c e o f a g e a n d p a r i t y o n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e h u m a n b r e a s t s . b r e a s t c a n c e r r e s t r e a t . 1 9 9 2 ' , ' 2 3 ( 3 ) ' , 2 1 1 , ' 8 . g u n t e r m j ' , ' l e i t z m a n n m f . o b e s i t y a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r ' , ' e p i d e m i o l o g y ' , ' m e c h a n i s m s a n d c a n d i d a t e g e n e s . j . n u t r b i o c h e m . 2 0 0 5 ' , ' 1 7 ( 3 ) ' , 1 4 5 , ' 5 6 . p o t t e r j d . n u t r i t i o n a n d c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r . c a n c e r c a u s e s c o n t r o l . 1 9 9 6 ' , ' 7 ( 1 ) ' , 1 2 7 , ' 4 6 . p h i l l i p s r l ' , ' s n o w d o n d a . d i e t a r y r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h f a t a l c o l o r e c t a l c a n c e r a m o n g s e v e n t h ' , ' d a y a d v e n t i s t s . j n a t c a n c e r i n s t . 1 9 8 5 ' , ' 7 4 ( 2 ) ' , 3 0 7 , ' 1 7 . g i o v a n n u c i e ' , ' a s c h e r i o a ' , ' r i m m e b ' , ' c o l d i t z g a ' , ' s t a m p f e r m j ' , ' a n d w i l l e t t w c . p h y s i c a l a c t i v i t y ' , ' o b e s i t y ' , ' a n d r i s k f o r c o l o n c a n c e r a n d a d e n o m a i n m e n . a n n i n t m e d . 1 9 9 5 ' , ' 1 2 2 ( 5 ) ' , 3 2 7 , ' 3 4 . s l a t t e r y m l ' , ' p o t t e r j ' , ' c a e n b ' , ' e d w a r d s s ' , ' c o a t e s a ' , ' m a k n ' , ' e t a l . e n e r g y b a l a n c e a n d c o l o n c a n c e r b e y o n d p h y s i c a l a c t i v i t y . c a n c e r r e s . 1 9 9 7 ' , ' 5 7 ( 1 ) ' , 7 5 , ' 8 0 . c a r r o l l k k . o b e s i t y a s a r i s k f a c t o r f o r c e r t a i n t y p e s o f c a n c e r . l i p i d s . 1 9 9 8 ' , ' 3 3 ( 1 1 ) ' , 1 0 5 5 , ' 9 . l i p w o r t h l ' , ' t a r o n e r e ' , ' m c l a u g h l i n j k . t h e e p i d e m i o l o g y o f x a 0 r e n a l c e l l c a r c i n o m a . j u r o l . 2 0 0 6 ' , ' 1 7 6 ( 6 p t 1 ) ' , 2 3 5 3 , ' 8 . h a g g s t r o m c ' , ' r a p p k ' , ' s t o c k s t ' , ' m a n g e r j ' , ' b j o r g e t ' , ' u l m e r h ' , ' e t a l . m e t a b o l i c f a c t o r s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h r i s k o f r e n a l c e l l c a r c i n o m a . p l o s o n e . 2 0 1 3 ' , ' 8 ( 2 ) ' , ' e 5 7 4 7 5 . w a a l k e s s ' , ' m e r s e n b u r g e r a s ' , ' k a r m e r m w ' , ' h e r r m a n n t r w ' , ' w e g e n e r g ' , ' r u s t e m e i e r j ' , ' e t a l . o b e s i t y i s a s s o c i a t e 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